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THE AWFUL TRUTH OF ALFRED ILG FIREARM SMUGGLER:
THE BITWEDED OF “MENELIK II”
IlG: The Mastermind behind Menelik’s Hordes and the Establishment of the Predatory
Empire in the horn of Africa
He exploited and implanted all advantages of the time (Scramble for Africa by European colonizers), the geopolitical position of the region in the history of human civilization as the gate to three continent and computing European colonial powers and firearm acquisitions to the warlords in the region.
At this time, small pieces of Turf around the red sea strip, coasts, and islands in both sides were occupied by three European colonizers Britain, France, and Italy as a point of depart to the African hinterlands in scrambling for the whole African continent. They all computed on Abyssinia for more political influence and sphere of domination by providing firearms and ammunitions to the three warlords rose in the region. From within Abyssinia proper, the death of two rival warlord leaders to Tewdros of Gonder andYohanis of Tigray were jackpot as in lottery for Menelik who was considered as the underdog warlord in the region. “Thanks” to Alfred Ilg#s advised Menelik not to punish the war prisoners of his rivals, but to use the well-trained Gonderian armies of Tewodros and Tigreian armies of Yohanis to join the “Hagermaqnat Werera,” the elimination and expansion camapgin of Menelik. The Abyssinian barbaric Shiftas( Bandas) virtually knew nothing except butchering each other throughout their history per se. Sahile Maryam; the black demon was grown up and lived a nomadic Zagol system as Alfred Ilg met him in Liche and in Hal’kobar and in 1878.
unification of the Abyssinian Shiftas that brought to
the point of unity under one command control was decades of the tireless and
limitless works and loyal serves of the spin engineer of railroad contractor
designated as the minister of all affairs, and “Bitweded” by Menelik,
Alfred Ilg. The spin
engineer infused the authoritarianism of European styles with Zagol system of the Abyssinians. Once the aliens
of the north, the Abyssinians;the
offspring of divers and invades were united and controlled by one man; Menelik, analog to European colonizers the Holocaust began.
Under the banner of “Hagermaqnat wererawoch ena awajochii” to
eliminate the Autochthonous peoples of the horn of Africa from Finfinne, series of invasions, conquests, occupations, and settlement policy and mobilization
campaigns of his hordes in all three
directions, was proclaimed by Menelik.
conducted by Menelik’s Hordes primarily targeted the
Oromo people and their land and continued to her neighbors to the west, south
and east entire territories of Indigenous African people to the European colonial
artificial demarcations around the horn of African. As a result of Alfred Ilg’s tireless and limitless services given to Menelik (the rubber black Leopold II of Abyssinia)
for about three decades, the primitive, barbaric
and predatory empire was known as with stolen name “Ethiopia,” was invented
and artificial boundaries were demarcated in the horn of Africa. Since then, over eighty ethno-nationals have been incarcerated in
this prison house. Today, some of them were exterminated and do not exist others
evicted from their ancestral soil and kept in a reservoir and controlled by armed
gangsters guards of the current tyrannic regime similar to the native of Australia
or north Americas. Their territories were regarded as “terra nullius”and legitimized
to be taken over by violence evicting or massacring them on their own ancestral
soil.
in 1878 with a contract of two years, but served in the establishment of the
empire in all spheres, from secretary to “super minister”
as he was called, and that was what meant an
engineer in Menelik’s know-how, a man
who can all. He left in 1906 almost about
three decades of services of Sahile Maryam, “Menelik II,” leaving one of the most barbaric, primitive and
predatory empire, the
prison house on the planet to the very date.
to Abyssinia with the premise to build a
railroad, signed a contract for two years with an annual payment of five
thousand francs with Frech company.The company was invented by France to
dominate the political sphere of the horn of Africa, and the warlords rose in
the region versus her classical rival and concurrent Britain mainly, and the
underdog Italy as it was called at that period of time. In fact, the railroad
issue was turned to the tail-end, and must wait about two decades from the day
it was signed and the arrival of Alfred Ilg to be recalled back and to be
signed by Menelik. Menelik has never been interested in railroad construction,
but the reverse was true. His wife Tayitu, the brain of Menelik was the
strongest opposer of the railroad construction. In order to understand
and to answer the question why and how the conservative protestant Swiss was amalgamated with the 14th-century dependent Coptic
Orthodox Sahle Maryam of Hal’kobari and their level of intimacy, It is essential
to make a brief excursion in their profiles
of childhood and adolescence of both Men.
and challenging childhood as a son who actuality did not know his biological
father. He was a son out-of-wedlock growing up in the conservative Swiss protestant community in his Canton. He was
teased, ostracized by his peers in the gymnasium,
moreover, the worst bang come, when his Stepfather, who cared for the whole
family died, leaving his mother plus two
stepsisters life in jeopardy, when Alfred desperately needed him. As a
consequence as the only son in the family who can bring bread and butter, and must
take care of his family for living and he must work hard.
worthy to note that after years of civil
wars Europe in general including Switzerland were found in great economic
crises, and the population was immigrating via seas and oceans to seek a better
life. Thus, Alfred Ilg was one of them except that his opportunity was
Abyssinia. Abyssinia as it was in the past, she was found in the red lists for
the foreigners. She was backward, primitive, and the terrain of barbaric
warlordism since Ezana period in the horn of Africa. Alfred Ilg knew for
granted, and took the risk and traveled to Sahle Maryam and met him in
Hal’kobari deformed to “Ankober” in settler languages.
Maryam’s childhood was also equally challenging as Alfred Ilg. He was born
out-of-wedlock. As the French traveler, Henry Audon was informed that Menelik’s
mother was merely someone about the “Ilfinyi:
i.e. hut made of wood as framework covered by mud and grass for roofing,”
who happened to sleep with Haile Melekot. More precisely, Antonio Cecchi in his
book Da zeila alla fornotiere del Caffa
that was published in 1886 reported that Bezabish; his mother noticed one of
her slave girl named Ijigayehu was pregnant and told to accept his paternity.
Haile Melekot denied everything.That indicates, in fact, Haile Melekot raped
the house slave. Otherwise, pregnancy does not come out of a vacuum, and there
were no in vitro fertilization in
Abyssinia not on those days, even today: He obviously lied; a deep-rooted
cultural norm and behavior of Habeshas for which they were /are known in all
spheres of life and nothing have changed. Nevertheless, what is conceived must
come out at one time that is the law of nature. As a result, Ijigayehu gave
birth to the son. Haile Malekot further refused to recognize his product. But,
his mother Bezabish and his father Sahle Selassie intervened, and forced him to
recognize. must marry her in order to legalize and legitimize the future
kinship and inheritance. After Abyssinia
arts of paternity tests were performed by “debtras and magics” and proofed to
be Halie Melekots germ, the son was blessed and named Sahle Maryam.
similar to ILgs stepfather, Haile Melekot died as Sahle Maryam was eleven years
old, a year later Tewodros occupied Hal’kober and Liche, and took him, his
mother and others as war prisoners to Gondar. Sahle Maryam served as a page
under Tewodros, until his flight to Halkober in 1865. Thus, Independent of the
complexion of their skin, Alfred Ilg; the Ferenj “European” and Sahle Maryam, a
pitch black skin with a funny nose and pock-marked face found each other. As an
adage: The key got its lock. From then upon there was no return of working in
concert to establish one of the barbarian Empire of Abyssinia led by both
men’s. One can then imagine what type of
psychological impact, scares did it left and the behavior of both men in their
life and the way they acted and conducted versus the others. As one can read from
Alfred Ilg’s writings to his families and friends in Switzerland considered
Menelik as his father’s figure, and Menelik who cannot bear offspring, and was only ten years older
than Alfred Ilg welcomed him and considered him “my
son.” Ilg swore to serve and give all his knowledge, power to serve him. As folk’s adage: In the land of the
blind, one-eyed man is a King. Menelik was a blind man without a
stick or someone who leads the blind without Alfred Ilg.
all under one total command of Menelik and mobilized against the whole south,
conservatively estimated to six hundred thousand Netanya’s; weapon carriers; trained killers composed of all
Abyssinian. For the first time in the history of the barbarian Abyssinian
Empire of Zagol system, the aliens of
the north come under one command and banner, “thanks” to Alfred Ilg. One may
gain a clearer insight of what the one
prisoner spoke about the imagination the figure of Menelik Hordes: “Menelik’s soldiers were as many as the
locusts.” In fact, it describes the magnitude of all Neftenyans that joined Menelik from all corners of Abyssinia proper to invade the south.
About fifty-one millions of rifles and
ammunitions were provided by only four European nations, such as France,
Russia, Italy, and Britain. The figure does not include unofficial weapons
smuggled by Alfred Ilg, like Vettereli
Karabiners from Switzerland. Throughout his seven times travels to Swiss and
back to Abyssinia. He brought with him fully packed ships of resources
plundered, stolen, kidnapped, exploited from the newly occupied territories of
the south by Menelik Hordes that was twenty-seven times as large and rich as Alfred Ilg’s homeland. In return to
Abyssinia ships fully packed of firearms, ammunition and materials to build
gunpowder, bullets, patrons’ explosives, dynamites, etc, an ingredient of
European “civilizations mission” where ever their footholds, and their ship docks. A France
citizen, Leon Chefneux, were also another very
influential weapon dealer, organizer, and
smuggler, especially from France. Leon
Chefneux and had long years of friendship who played a great role in supporting
Alfred Ilg in search and find of weapons and provisions, the right hand of
Alfred Ilg`s business.
the troikas’ France, Britain and Italy who mainly colonized the horn of Africa
provided firearms to boost up their sphere of influence to the regional
warlords as it fits their interests, but also like Russia and Belgium. Leopold
II, as BBC once described him “White King Red Rubber, Black death,” (the genocider of Congo Free State who chopped off hands of millions of Congolese; gruesome acts similar to Menelik’s amputations of hands, legs, and breast of women). Leopold was also interested in Abyssinia from the beginning
of his reign and conceived a plan of
joining forces with Abyssinia and creating with Menelik a dual empire which
would dominate Africa. Leopold interested to control the northern territories
from “Belgium-Congo Free State” to the Nile Valley, and Menelik’s mutual interests to control the territories from the Nile
Valley to the south and southwest, and
the Red Sea in the north and northeast.
Belgian firearms and ammunitions were poured in vast quantities to Abyssinia.
Services of military personals and advisers who were paid an enormous salary by
Abyssinians sent to Finfinne up to the era of Tefere Mekonnen.
understand that the war of Menelik against the non-Semites and raiding and capturing of the slaves from the newly conquered territories of
the whole south and selling them as a commodity was two sides of the coin. The aliens
of the north portrayed as “Christians”
and Abyssinia proper served as the handlers of slaves.They
sold, bartered kidnapped, and captured slaves singularly from the south and in
return they all provided firearms to Menelik.
in addition to the “soldiers” of the two Kasas of Tigray and Gonder. Summing
up the magnitude of firearms of Menelik’s of Abyssinia it can be considered as
the depots or warehouses of firearms of all European states productions and
varsities that one cannot imagine. Thus, no wonder when a French citizen once
was surprised in the varieties and mammoth of weapons that Menelik possessed in
his stores as he visited him and made some face and in return as Menelik showed
what he possessed. Slaves were the
primary hard currency of Menelik. He had not yet money in a form printed paper
or coins. Thus, hunting for slaves was
the primary tasks of his hordes to purchase firearms.
Raiding Cattle
and all agricultural products grown in the conquered territories cultivated and
harvested by the people were plundered and taken away by the parasitic Menelik
Hordes as internal consumptions and as export to purchase firearms and
ammunitions, the rest what was spoken and written “civilization missions,
development, e.t.c,” were obvious an entry visa of smuggling weapons,
exploitation of resources and slave entrepreneurship
indeed.
soldiers or army per se were and still are a dual
disgrace for the profession. First, Menelik Hordes lived on what the others
grew for which the word hara (sweept ,
plundered harvests) was connoted for the Menelik’s vandals, an authentic
doctrine of Abyssinia history indeed. The local people called; the armed men,
beasts or predators or parasitic Hordes that lived in marauding and riding
boots whatever edible they found on their way. They were the laziest who can
not wash their own feet. Second, they were moral-less, ethic-less,slave of
their leaders,who knew nothing else except shooting, looting, killing
indiscriminately independent of age, gender, and burning houses and properties
of the local residents.
teaching of the moral and ethical discipline of the gun carriers called
“soldiers” in the history of the barbaric empire that failed to foster from
generation to generations what the world is destining to witness to the present
day Thus, the only difference between Menelik’s Hordes and the current
gangsters TPLF/EPRDF armed men called “Agazi”is
the barbarian armed men of today are paid with the stink-money called Birr by
the leaders of the gangsters of the empire that predates on the people
incarcerated in the empire as Rev. M. Russel described:
very ferocious, bloodthirsty corrupt and percifidous race for about two–and
half centuries ago. The Tigreians and the Amhara from the north migrated as
freebooters to the south since the establishment of the predatory Abyssinian Empire to the very date.”
“quasi-soldiers:gun-carriers ”were virtually equivalent to Neftenyas settlers from the north considered and
still are considered as the worst enemy of the people incarcerated in the artificial boundaries of the empire. Indeed, If
one digs deep in the bone marrow of the system and recruits of what was called
“soldiers” in Abyssinia are mostly a collection of ostracized youths, vulgar,
arrogant youths either who could not manage their life in proper and join the department of killing to live.
The other groups belong to youths
kidnapped from one region brought to another region to be indoctrinated and
trained to kill. That is why in
folk’s mouth they were called “Beenzini daaraa hinqabuu,
Watadarif Pooliicin
fira hinqabuu”generally
means, as there was no ash out of Benzin, there will be no any friendship with
soldiers and police.”
campaign of Menelik’s Hordes against the unarmed peace-loving, generous people of the Oromos and
the south people as A. K. Bulatovich who traveled with Menelik’s Infantry Hordes wrote:
other than the speed of their horses, the strength of their hands and the
accuracy of their spears now goes through the school of obedience, the real
face of monster; murder, crime, rape, slavery, robbery and burning to ash all
what the face on their way from Finfinne to south to the lake Turkana, then
called lake Rudolf by European colonizers at that period of time. During the
conquest of the Abyssinians at this period. He further wrote that he destined
to witness that more than half of the population of Oromos and all other ethno-nations
inhabited in this region that was finally incorporated into this barbaric
empire to the border of the European artificial colonial boundaries in the horn
of Africa did also tested the bitter sides of Menelik’s Hordes. How many
victims had the conquest of this land cost? It seemed to me brim-full of
violence and injustice. Of course, a new phase in the history of peoples is
always paid for with sacrifices. But world justice and individual justice are
quite different from one another. Murder always remains murder for us, whatever
goal it may accomplish, and it is especially immoral in relation to these
peaceful, industrious people who never did harm to us, whose land we now take
away by force, using superiority of our weapons.
present, the only change one witness is the replacement of one the series
tyrants who claimed to be Amhara that dominated the empire and ruled at
gunpoint until 1991 was replaced by their rival brothers in their history;the Tigreian
gangsters.
engineer turned an equal shareholder of all
resources of south with Menelik: Quid Pro Quo
in each of them without exception since his arrival. A was chief of protocol,
interpreter, planner, drafter, resolver, advocate, virtually overall when it comes
to Abyssinia of Menelik. He was fluent in Speaking,
Writing and Reading all three of the colonial languages around the horn of Africa
plus Amharic, that boosted his influence in all sides in the so-called treaties with the European colonial
powers and Menelik’s Abyssinia expansion and territorial disputes
and establishment of the empire since his arrival in 1878 to serve him and his
final depart in 1906.
Europe seven times by the same route and vehicles as he comes except his final trips to handle almost everything in
concerns of Abyssinia of Menelik with the Europeans.
His hut in Intootoo turned to the hubs of
all European dealers, smugglers of weapon, spies, merchandises, e.t.c. Some of them call themselves explorer and
others named “diplomats” officially
indeed all are misnomer similar to the spin engineer Alfred Ilg.
Their main task was nothing, but to pull
or push Alfred Ilg to their own side and indirect
influence on Menelik, whom no one can see, speak to
and deal with Menelik without Alfred Ilg was virtually impossible. Alfred Ilg
throughout his travel back to Switzerland with series of the project to influence more efficiently the Swiss
government and to the extent to create a direct diplomatic relationship, to
accept and support a number plans he designed to be recognized and executed by
his government.
looked like a soil scratched by chickens legs on the finalized paper and
officialization. He can neither read nor write his own geez scripts and
language let alone to deal with the Europeans. The
major works all in all within the empire and
abroad i.e. with European states and individuals dealers, weapon smugglers,
traders e.t.c. were of the spin engineer Alfred Ilg. He also organized, and led various expeditions
from Finfinne to the western demarcation of the conquered lands Benshangul and
Gumuz neighboring colony of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, to the south to Boorana land that was scrambled into two: to
Abyssinian and the British colony of east Africa; Kenya and Somalia borders
incorporated to the empire, where the capricious exploitations began of the
rich resources of the south began with parasitic invaders “Weraris” of Menelik
Hordes, and finally brought back to the center, to Menelik and Alfred Ilg.
occupied and secured by settlers.He established gold,
silver, mining company used explosives and dynamites
in Wal’laga became land to exploit
natural resources. Alfred became a shareholder from Clay pot to White gold,
Coffee, Civet, Ivory, Tusk etc. The collection of boots, looted cultural
antiquities, hand works, historical objects and symbols that count at least of four digits, found in Zurich
museum taken out of the region to Switzerland by Alfred Ilg.
One can write an encyclopedia if each and
every article that was stolen was to be studied from with its content,
accomplishments, purpose, symbols and meanings itself by the owners of the
properties such as by the Oromos, and the whole
people of the south to lake Turkana from where they were stolen and shipped to
Switzerland, “the heaven of the depots of stolen, plundered, smuggled
historical, cultural, symbolical, religious, artifacts and antiquities e.t.c.”. They were called and still it has not changed, a
collection of objects from “under
civilized, primitive, half-civilized.. tribes.” Such as Elisabeth Biasio,
who wrote in her book titled: Majesty and
Magnificence at the court of Menelik Alfred Ilgs Ethiopia around 1900 . The title of the book itself
give an impression of a megalomania, a copy of Abyssinia bloated propaganda rather than facts
on the soil, an E.Ullendorff of her generation that
was published of 2004 reads:
collections: The arrangements of collections material leads
over the primitive cattle-rearing tribes
of North Africa (Galla, Somali etc.) to the highly
developed Christian culture of Abyssinia.”
E. Ullendorff; an abyssinaized
fernj wrote: in his book,1965:
significant material or intellectual culture, and their social organization
differed considerably from that of the population among whom they settled. They
were not the only cause of the depressed state into which the country now sank,
but they helped to prolong a situation from which even a physically and
spiritually exhausted Ethiopia might otherwise have been able to recover far
more quickly” adding an insult to injury.
still are such an authors who invented racial prejudice, a societal cancer,
xenophobia based on fictions and legends that led to the gruesome acts of
slavery, colonialism, genocides, elimination,
holocausts etc. wherever and whenever it took places based on nothing but
hatred without no ifs, buts or ands. In fact, Ullendorffs
civilized settler Semites, meant the Abyssinians were
and still are exactly described as H. Blanc said:
hard-working peasants, there is nothing in them to praise or extol. Beggars
infest the land; the priests are ignorant and bigoted; the soldiers, the course
of the curse of the country. Abyssinians, I regret to say are cowardly, adepts,
at low treachery, lazy, pretentious and pompous.
Naturally drunkards and gluttons, they are only abstemious by necessity, and
their festivals are but low and coarse orgies. They have no literature, no
means of recreation. Their conversation is a revolting incoherent talk, partly
blasphemous, partly lascivious, and when they favoured
us their society, always ending in requests for favours.
When we state that cleanliness is a shame, debauchery, no
disgrace, robbery, treachery and murder glorious deeds.”
and still are a crystallized fact that signifies Abyssinians to the very date.
The Fact on the ground speaks that the properties of Oromos
and their alikes robbed, plundered,
raided, captured by Menelik hordes were shipped to Switzerland by Alfred Ilg
for solid three decades and kept in his house hidden for decades, exhibited and
finally given to Zurich museum to be paid for it. Here again, there is no if’s,
and’s or but’s. The crown
of King Kaake and his Chair and thousands of those
cultural objects cataloged under “uncivilized tribes “ in Zurich museum has no
wings, cannot fly like Pfeilstroch to Zurich from
Africa.
sand, or stones that someone picks it up
without violence and ship it to Europe. Indeed a looter, plunderer, who stole and took
out and considered the properties of “uncivilized tribes,” is the under civilized by all measure that any healthy human
mind can digest, not the handicraftsmen
who made King Kaakes crown, chair, horse
and mule decorations (Mi’aa Farda), jewelers from
gold and silver, head and arm ornaments, Sword (Sootala),
Shields (Waanta),
Spears (Eeboo), just to note some while the lists go
on. Thus, here some of the most precious historical objects that were stolen were referred.
people, accepted Menelik’s order, lead by
Welde Gyorgis’s Hordes and surrendered to
save the life of his unarmed people, and W.Gyorgis Hordes, secured and
controlled the territories, although the people plead in the name of “Menelik;the black demon”, the massacres, plundering, hunting for slaves and destroying what they found on their
in earnest began. King Kaake was prisoned
and his crown and the royal chair were stolen and given to Alfred to take out of
the country to Switzerland exhibited in Zurich in 1954, over a half century later.
kidnapping slaves were targeted on the southern people, newly incorporated
terra that extends from Bensahgul-Gumuz in the west to the Red Sea coast in the
east, and to the Turkana lake in the
south.
Once, the unarmed population was occupied by Menelik Hordes, secured and
controlled the territories, the victims must pay tributes in slave, ivory and
gold to Menelik. Menelik was known as level A slave
entrepreneur and the biggest slave owner within African continent; one of the
most criminal acts conducted in human
history that nothing can be compared with.
For the slaves captured, kidnapped, and raided
from various ethno-nationals of occupied
territories of the south, prices and arts of their serves were determined between
the purchasers and slaveholders. Women’s
as house slaves, concubine, given as presents; souvenirs or used as barters and
sold as a commercial commodity.
For instance, there were bigger demands for
Oromo girls and Women because they were beautiful, sexy, and temperamental.
Male slaves were used as domestic
servants, agricultural laborers, Eunuch (one who survived the gruesome acts of
castration) and as a commercial
commodity. A recently published book
titled: From Slavery to Freedom: the
Oromo Slave Children of Lovedale Prosopography and Profile: by Professor
Sandra Rowoldt Shells Ph.D. years of
research on the forgotten victims of slavery during Menelik’s elimination
campaign that unveils the gruesome acts of slavery, its lifelong psychological
and physical impacts on the survived victims. We shall be profoundly
appreciated for her interest, dedication, and wisdom by unearthing the
neglected subjects of tragic acts of Slavery in human history more precisely,
the Oromos.
It worth’s to note that Professor Shells dissertation concentrated
on the fact of the Oromo’s landed Lovedale’s, South Africa, and the gruesome
acts of the journey of the survived victims of slavery, the fate of slaves as a
whole in human history were fundamentally similar independent of time, place
and culprits. Thus, slaves kidnapped, hunted from the conquered terra during
the gruesome acts of Menelik’s Hordes “Hagermaqnat
invasion” and expansion from Benshagul, Gumuz in the far west border, the
red sea coast in the east, and to the Turkana lake in the south where ever
their footholds.
Thus, it is a must read book
by all Ethno-nationals incarcerated in the empire with identical fate in the
history of the region independent of size and demographical size in the horn of
Africa and beyond. One who does not know
his past, cannot his present, and the past have never been past, even not the
present it goes beyond our time.
was called “Ketema” in ever corners
of the occupied and evicted territories of the south and finally brought their
families, and relatives, the freebooter Amharas, and Tigres. The word “Ketema” in Neftanya language means: mission
accomplished and settled. In other words, it was a description of the
results of “Hagermaqnat Werera Awajs” of Menelik Hordes, invasion, eviction
occupation proclamations, territorial
expansion, and aggrandizations. As
a reminder, Alfred Ilg was the first settler who built his house on the top of
Tuulama high land, Intootoo in Finfine.
As a result of tireless mobilization
and facilitates of the Abyssinia; the aliens of the north by the regimes who
ruled the empire under gunpoint since its establishment, most profoundly from
Menelik to the current Tigrean tyrants we will observe their demographical
dominance of the settlers by evicting the indigenous people in most larger “Ketemas” in the predatory empire of
contemporary “Ethiopia.”
The issue of railway
concession to be signed by Menelik, black demon Telegraph, Post, “sign of civilization” was not yet an
issue, and must wait for four years from know where this portion of article
winds up and will be explored in the following part and close with, by this
quote from one of the anti-colonial hero of African son, who was killed and
burned with acid simply by saying Congo belongs to Congolese.
be the history that is taught in Brussels, Paris, Washington or in the United
Nations…. Africa will write her own history, and to the north and south of
the Sahara, it will be a glorious and dignified history….” Patrice
Lumumba, first prime minister of the independent
Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1961.
Elisabeth Elisabeth Biasio indicates the invasion, expansion, aggrandizement policy
of Menelik after settling in Finfinne, in a house called “Menelik Giibii” built
by slaves labor, designed and mentored by Alfred Ilg. Furthermore, it describes
the continuation of the policy from regimes to regimes who come to power in the
empire by all means possible to the very date.